There is a growing trend for vegetarian and vegan diets in many Western countries. Epidemiological evidence suggesting that such diets may help in maintaining good health is rising. However, dietary and sociodemographic characteristics of vegetarians and vegans are not well known. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to describe sociodemographic and nutritional characteristics of self-reported, adult vegetarians and vegans, compared to meat-eaters, from the French NutriNet-Santé study.
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Comparison of sociodemographic and nutritional characteristics between self-reported vegetarians, vegans, and meat-eaters from the NutriNet-Santé study
3 novembre 2021, par Mathilde COUDRAY -
Avoiding the local trap : scale and food systems in planning research
3 novembre 2021, par Mathilde COUDRAYA strong current of food-systems research holds that local food systems are preferable to systems at larger scales. Many assume that eating local food is more ecologically sustainable and socially just. We term this the local trap and argue strongly against it. We draw on current scale theory in political and economic geography to argue that local food systems are no more likely to be sustainable or just than systems at other scales. The theory argues that scale is socially produced : scales (and their interrelations) are not independent entities with inherent qualities but strategies pursued by social actors with a particular agenda. It is the content of that agenda, not the scales themselves, that produces outcomes such as sustainability or justice. As planners move increasingly into food-systems research, we argue it is critical to avoid the local trap. The article’s theoretical approach to scale offers one way to do so.
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Power at the table : food fights and happy meals
26 octobre 2021, par Mathilde COUDRAYIn family meals the normative and the performative are very far apart—though everyone likes to think of the family table as a place of harmony and solidarity, it is often the scene for the exercise of power and authority, a place where conflict prevails. My interest in this topic was sparked by research on middle-class parents’ struggles with their “picky eater” children. Besides narrating the way the dinner table became battleground with their own children, many parents also recalled their own childhood family meals as painful and difficult. From this very narrow focus on family struggles, I expand the discussion to the larger question of why this topic is relatively ignored in social science, and I question the sources of the normative power of the family “happy meal.” The ideological emphasis on family dinners has displaced social responsibility from public institutions to private lives, and the construction of normative family performances is part of a process that constructs different family types as deviant and delinquent.
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Mieux nourrir la planète : diversifier les cultures pour construire des systèmes alimentaires durables
15 juin 2022, par Mathilde COUDRAYAujourd’hui, d’importantes mutations de l’agriculture mondiale sont nécessaires pour produire suffisamment d’aliments sains pour tous, tout en préservant la qualité des terres, de l’air et de l’eau et en sauvegardant la biodiversité. Mais produire suffisamment et préserver en même temps l’environnement est une équation particulièrement complexe à résoudre. Les pratiques agroécologiques, dont un principe essentiel est l’usage de la biodiversité cultivée, constituent une voie prometteuse pour assurer ces mutations.
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Sociologies de l’alimentation
27 octobre 2021, par Mathilde COUDRAY« La façon dont les hommes conçoivent la satisfaction de leurs besoins alimentaires ne saurait se réduire à de strictes logiques utilitaires ou technologiques. L’alimentation a une fonction structurante de l’organisation sociale d’un groupe humain. Qu’il s’agisse des activités de production, de distribution, de préparation, de consommation, elle est un objet crucial du savoir socio-anthropologique. »
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Extension des marchés et normalisation : les systèmes agro-alimentaires dans la mondialisation
26 octobre 2021, par Mathilde COUDRAYL’article se propose de caractériser le cadre d’action et de contraintes dans lequel les systèmes agroalimentaires ont eu à s’inscrire depuis le début de la décennie 80. Celui-ci est marqué par la « mondialisation » des échanges, entendue ici comme un processus social de construction et d’extension des marchés, via le développement du commerce international. Il met l’accent sur deux aspects de ce processus : la construction de vastes zones de libre-échange, notamment dans le cadre du Mercosur, de l’Union Européenne et de l’OMC ; l’expansion et la multiplication des dispositifs de normalisation.
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Limited food availability
3 novembre 2021, par Mathilde COUDRAYWhile food security is a major worldwide issue, it is a much more serious problem in Low-Income
(LI) and Lower Middle-Income (LMI) countries. Currently, sub-Saharan Africa is the sub-continent with the highest proportion of undernourished people, the largest gap between current and potential yields, and between cereal consumption and production. Looking to the future, population growth and climate change may worsen the situation, particularly in Africa. African countries are still facing rapid population growth with uncertain prospects about the ability of their agriculture to meet growing food demand. In addition, without sufficient adaptation measures, climate change will negatively impact food production in most African regions. -
Vers la résilience alimentaire : faire face aux menaces globales à l’échelle des territoires
27 octobre 2021, par Mathilde COUDRAYCette publication inédite marque l’aboutissement d’un travail de recherche d’un an et demi, conduit par l’association Les Greniers d’Abondance et de nombreux partenaires scientifiques, experts et acteurs de terrain. Il expose les vulnérabilités du système alimentaire contemporain face à différentes crises systémiques : changement climatique, épuisement des ressources, effondrement de la biodiversité… Nous invitons les collectivités territoriales à se saisir de cet enjeu, en leur proposant un ensemble cohérent d’actions et de leviers à mettre en œuvre à leur échelle.
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Environnements alimentaires et politique alimentaire de l’UE
28 juin 2022, par Mathilde COUDRAYCette note d’orientation doit permettre de mieux comprendre les environnements alimentaires et les implications d’une « approche par l’environnement alimentaire » pour la politique alimentaire de l’UE et la transition vers des systèmes alimentaires durables.
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The future of food safety. Transforming knowledge into action for people, economies and the environment
26 octobre 2021, par Mathilde COUDRAYThis technical summary prepared by FAO and the World Health Organization (WHO) reports on the two international food safety conferences held in Addis Ababa and Geneva in February and April 2019. It recalls the key actions and strategies presented to address current and future challenges to food safety globally and the steps required to strengthen commitment at the highest political level to scale up food safety in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.
At a pivotal moment focussing international attention on actions needed to bolster food safety, this publication recalls the priorities discussed so that food safety strategies and approaches can be aligned across sectors and borders, reinforcing efforts to reach the Sustainable Development Goals and supporting the UN Decade of Action on Nutrition.